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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Philip IV, Avignonese Papacy, Battle Bannockburn, Great European Famine, Swiss Victory, Isabelle Desposes Husband, Ottoman Empire, Hundred Year War, French Fleet Annihilated, Battle Of Crecy, Black Death, University Of Kracow, Battle In Poitiers, Treaty of Calias, Chu Yuan-Chang, Ming Dynasty, Hundred Year War, War of Chioggia, Peasants Revolt, Portugal Independent, Union of Kalamar 1302 AD Philip IV Calls Meeting Of The Estates General- Philip IV of France called together representatives of the nobility, townspeople and clergy for the first time. The gathering became known as the Estates-General. Philip's main purpose in convening this group was to garner support against Pope Boniface, whose bull 'Unam Sanctum' proclaimed Papal supremacy over national leaders. 1309 AD Avignonese Papacy- Pope Clement V, who was heavily influenced by Philip IV of France, took up residency in Avignon, France. Clement rescinded Boniface's pronouncements against Philip. Until 1378, Popes continued to reside in Avignon. 1314 AD Battle Bannockburn- Scotland- The Scots, led by Robert the Bruce, routed a larger force led by Edward II, King of England. The two armies met at the Battle of Bannockburn, which took place in central Scotland. The Scottish victory insured Scotland's independence for the next three centuries. 1314 - 1317 AD Great European Famine - The worst famine to strike Europe occurred between 1314-1317. It was widespread, affecting all of Northern Europe. Eyewitness accounts tell of the poor and hungry resorting to eating cats and dogs. 1315 AD Swiss Victory - Swiss forces, led by the canton of Schwyz, gained a victory over Leopold I (Hapsburg) Duke of Austria at the Battle of Morgarten. The victory led to an expanded Swiss alliance. By 1353 Switzerland was established. 1326 AD Isabelle Desposes Husband England was invaded by the French wife of King Edward II - Isabelle. She was supported by French troops and gained control of England as Edward II was forced to flee London. Isabelle arranged for her son Edward III to be crowned King. 1326 AD The Ottoman Empire Founded- The Ottoman Empire was established when the Byzantine fortress of Bursa falls after a nine-year siege to the forces of the Osmali Turks, under Osman. The same year, Osman died and was succeeded by his son Orkhan who ruled until 1360. Under Orkahn, the Empire expanded to include central Anatolia and Thrace. 1337 AD Hundred Year War- The Hundred Years War began when Philip VI contested the English claim to Normandy and other northern provinces. At the same time, Edward III contested Philip's legitimacy based on the fact that his mother was the daughter of Philip IV. He demanded the crown of France. Edward won the support of many Flemish towns. He ravaged the French countryside, but at first fought
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